Greek Shredded Romaine salad with lemon juice, olive oil,

you can include red endive and baby arugula for more spice.
The special part of this salad is to slice the romaine super thin.

1 large head of romaine, fresh from the garden is best.
1 bunch of scallions,
some dill weed
1/4 cup plus 2 Tbsp. extra virgin olive oil
juice of 1 lemon


1 large head of romaine sliced super thin.   Lay 3 to 4 leaves on top of one another on a clean cutting board.  Using a very sharp knife, cut the leaves crosswise into almost paper-thin strips.  Place the romaine strips in a large bowl and continue stacking and turning until all of the romaine has been sliced.
Slice 1 bunch of scallions crosswise on a diagonal and add them to the romaine salad.  Add the 1 bunch of dill and toss to combine.

Pour the oil and lemon juice over the lettuce mixture.  Season with salt and pepper to taste and toss to combine.  Serve immediately.  Yum.

Greek Garden Salad

3 beefsteak tomatoes
1 cucumber, scored and quartered lengthwise, and cut crosswise 1/4 inch think
1 small red onion
20 Kalamata olives, pitted and thinly sliced crosswise
1 cup diced feta cheese
1 Tbsp. capers, well drained
Red Wine Vinaigrette  (1/4 cup red wine vinegar, 1 garlic, peeled and smashed, 1 tsp. Greek oregano, 1/2 cup extra virgin olive oil, salt and pepper)

1 tsp. Greek oregano
salt and pepper
2 cups shredded romaine

1.  Core the tomatoes.  Cut each tomato in half crosswise, then cut each half into 5 pieces.  Place the pieces in a mixing bowl.  Add the cucumber.

2.  Cut the onion in half lengthwise and then slice each half lengthwise into thin julienne.  Add the onion to the bowl.

3  Add the olives, cheese, and capers.  Add the vinaigrette and toss to coat.  Taste and season with oregano and salt and pepper to taste.

4.  Place an equal portion of the lettuce on each of the 6 salad places or bowls.  Top with an equal portion of the tomato mixture, sprinkle lightly with oregano and serve.

Simple tomato sauce for pasta or polenta

Tomato Sauce

2 lb. plum tomatoes, peeled and chopped
1 onion, chopped
4 cloves garlic
4 Tbsp. olive oil
1 green bell pepper, finely chopped
bay leaf
parsley
oregano
basil
salt
fresh ground peppe
red wine

Heat olive oil in a skillet and saute the onion and garlic.  Add tomatoes and bell pepper  Add a bay leaf, parsley, oregano and basil, salt and pepper.

Allow to simmer gently for at least 1/2 hour, but the longer the better.  Stir it occasionally and add water if it cooks down too much.  You might also add a few tablespoons of red wine.


Red Sauce from the Greek cookbook

2 Tbsp. olive oil
1 cup diced yellow onion     cook for 10 mintues
coarse salt and freshly ground pepper
8 garlic cloves, sliced    add and cook for about 3 mintues
1 tsp. ground cumin
1 tsp. dried oregano   cook for one minute
1 cup dry red wine     bring to a boil.  Immediately lower the heat and simmer for about 15 mintues, or until the liquid has reduced by half.
one 28 oz. can whole tomatoes with juice     crush with your hands in a mixing bowl.  add the toms and sugar to the saucepan and stir to combine.  Raise the heat and bring to a boil, skimming off any impurities or excess fat that rises to the surface.   Add the stock, season with salt and pepper and bring to a simmer.  Use immediately or pour into a nonreactive container and cool to room temperature.
2 tsp. sugar
1 cup Chicken Stock

Bessie's Chicken (AFRITADA) with garlic, onions, raisins, olives, pickles, paprika, potatoes, green peas

AFRITADA

I had this at Bessie's house when I stopped by. 

Saute garlic, onions, then add tomatoes.

Add chicken.
Add chicken broth.
Add raisins, olives, sweet minced pickles, pickle juice and paprika for color,

At the last 15 minutes add potatoes then red pepper strips and green peas, salt and pepper.

A Women's History Bee for Women's History Month

               United States History Bee

                                for

                Women’s History Month

                        March 1996

                                   (and other even numbered years)             

for questions, comments or ordering a March 1997 Bee, write to:

Barbara Carlson

PO Box 202

Livermore, CA  94550

          or 

babcarlson@aol.com

               United States History Bee

                                for

                Women’s History Month                                                    March 1996

                                    (and other even numbered years)

written by Barbara Carlson

Teacher Consultant

Copyright Ó1996, Barbara Carlson.  All rights reserved.

                                               

                                      TABLE OF CONTENTS

Description and Objectives..........................................page 4

Information

       for the organizer...........................page 4

       for the librarian.............................page 5

       for the typist.................................page 5

       for the reader...............................page 13

       for the scorekeeper......................page 13

       for the participants.......................page 13

Bee questions & answers..................page  14

Description and Objectives

The objectives of this United States History Bee for Women’s History Month are:

1.         to make all students aware that March is Women’s History Month.  Each day the students will hear in the school’s daily bulletin information about an American woman who made history.

2.         to encourage students to be knowledgeable of history.  Several students are chosen to represent each history class to participate in a school wide History Bee.  The Bee questions test knowledge of American History and Women’s History.  Most of the questions are chronological and build on information gained from previous questions and answers.

3.         to set up a display of Women’s History related books, magazines, videos, software and other resources in the student and city library and in local bookstores for students and other members of the community to study.        

To the organizer

1.   PICK A DATE AND TIME 

Decide what date in late March or early April the Bee will be held.   Pick a date after all the daily history clues/information have been announced.  Choose a time of day for the Bee.   Most schools conduct the Bee during lunch or after school.  The Bee takes about one hour to complete.  Early in the month of March distribute the Bee information to the librarian and to the typist and discuss with them what to include in the library’s resource display and how best to announce the daily history information.  In the past, a few schools did decided to skip the Bee at the end of the month and only announce the daily history information.  They awarded daily prizes for daily Bee questions. This works, however, I think the school wide Bee is the most enjoyable part of the project.   Also, the student leadership classes at some schools help organize the Women’s History Month Bee activities:  make publicity posters, act as scorekeepers, etc.

2.  SELECT PARTICIPANTS

Announce to history teachers that by the end of the month of March they are to choose one or two students from their classes to participate in the Bee.  Teachers can choose interested students or give students a short qualifying test.   Collect all the names of the participants before the day of the Bee. 

3.  ORGANIZE PARTICIPANTS  It is best to limit the number of participants to 30 because there are 30 questions (one questions for each student) in each round.  Larger groups should split into groups of 30 and compete in different rooms.  One 6th grade teacher has her entire class participate and then the winners from each class compete in the final rounds.  On the day of the Bee, assign each student a chair number (1-30).  Have the students arrange the chairs in a half circle facing you and then have them sit in their assigned chair.  The scorekeeper keeps track of the time (students have 15 seconds to answer their question) and the scorekeeper keeps track of correct and incorrect answers.  If a student answers two questions incorrectly he or she must leave his or her chair and join the audience at the end of that round.  Hopefully, all students can answer the Round 1 question and will not have to leave their chair until Round 4.  However, Round 1 are just as difficult as questions in the later rounds and you can decide to make Round 1 a practice round.

4.  PUBLICIZE WINNERS Announce participants and winners to all students, parents and the community.  Invite the local newspaper to watch and take photographs.  Congratulate the top three winners with certificates, prizes and/or their photo in the yearbook.  Award all participants with certificates or a small food prize.

To the librarian

Gather together all materials you have relating to Women’s History and set up a display in your library.  Ask the city librarian and local bookstores to set up a resource display too.

Here is a list of the books and resources I used to write this Bee.

Ashby, Ruth and Deborah Gore Ohrn, eds. Herstory: Women Who Changed the World. New York:  Viking, 1995.

Conway, Jill Ker, ed.  Written by Herself.  New York: Vintage Books, 1992.

Forbes, Malcolm.   Women Who Made a Difference .  New York:  Simon And Schuster, 1990.

McHenry, Robert.  Famous American Women:  A Biographical Dictionary from Colonial Times to the Present.  Mineola, NY: Dover Publications, 1993.

The National Women’s History Project,  7738 Bell Road, Windsor, CA  95492-8518  (707) 838-6000 has a catalog of  books, posters, videos, newspapers.  The NWHP is a clearinghouse for anything and everything you could use for Women’s History.  I used the Project’s magazine called “Women’s History Magazine” published by the Cowles History Group and a book published by the American Association of Universtiy Women called Profiles of Women, Past and Present to write this Bee.

To the Typist

Please type the introduction once a week during the month of March and type one biography each day. 

Introduction: 

The month of March is Women’s History Month.  A recent study of new history textbooks showed that very few books report any information on women inventors, women scientists, women artists, women soldiers, etc....so most of us grow up learning that women are not important in history.  Find out the facts about women who should be in our US  history textbooks.  Visit the displays in the school and city library.  Each day this month this bulletin will feature information on an American woman who made history..but might not have made it into your history textbooks.  Come test your knowledge of Women’s History at the History Bee at the end of this Month.

Day #1

In the Field of Science:

In the 1970’s, instead of building a space station, NASA decided to concentrate on building a space vehicle that could be used again and again for space travel.  In 1983, Sally Ride became the first American woman in space and part of the crew to take this vehicle for a test drive.   What  are these reusable space vehicles are called?  Find out what the initials NASA stand for.  Where are the launching and landing sites that NASA uses for these vehicles?  In space, objects not attached fly around.  Why?  How do astronauts eat and sleep when in space?  Find out about other women astronauts such as Mae Jemison, Judith Resnik and the science teacher Christa McAuliffe.

ANSWERS:   Space shuttles/National Aeronautics & Space Administration/Cape Kennedy (a.k.a. Cape Canaveral) in FL and Andrews Air Force Base in CA/There is no gravity to keep the object from floating/Astronauts eat and drink from a straw out of sealed bags/They seatbelt themselves onto a flat surface to sleep.

Day #2 

In the Field of Politics & Law:

In 1981, Sandra Day O’Conner  became the first woman (and youngest person) appointed judge on the United States Supreme Court.  She grew up on a ranch in Arizona. She says life on the ranch taught her the lesson to “do the job yourself and not make excuses or ask someone to bail you out.”  She went to law school at Stanford and graduated 3rd in her class out of 102.  When she graduated law firms didn’t hire women lawyers so she started her own law office. Which president appointed O’Conner a Supreme Court Judge?  How many judges are on the Supreme Court?  How long is their term in office?  Can you name most recent judge appointed to the Court? Where is  Stanford University?  Answers:    President Reagan/ 9/for life (or retirement)/Ruth Bader Ginsberg/ Stanford, CA

Day #3

In the field of Science:

When Grace Murray Hopper retired from the Navy as a Rear Admiral she was the oldest officer on active duty.  She worked on the Navy’s first computer called the MARK I.  She helped develop the first computer used in business called UNIVAC and wrote the computer language called COBOL. She invented the computer term “bug”  when a moth became stuck on part of the wiring and prevented her program from working.  What does the word “bug” mean when referring to computers? What does a computer language do and look like?  Answers:  bug means the computer program isn’t working and needs re-writing

Day #4

In the field of Science:

In the 1950’s,  Dr. Virginia Apgar, observed that after doctors delivered babies they paid more attention to the mom’s condition than to the baby’s.  She developed the way of scoring the health of a newborn baby that we use today called Apgar scoring.  Each of the 5 vital signs is given a score of zero, one or two.   What is the highest score a healthy baby can earn?   What are doctors of babies and children called?  Find out, if you can, your Apgar score. 

Answers:        10/ a total score of 8 to 10 means baby is doing great while a lower scores alert doctors to give the baby special attention/ obstetricians and pediatricians.

Day #5

In the field of writing:

Amelia Bloomer was a newspaper publisher and her name Bloomer became the name for the first style of pants worn by women in the 1840’s and 50’s.   Before bloomers, women wore unhealthy heavy dresses that dragged the ground and so many undergarments that an outfit weighed over 15 pounds.  Women’s rights leaders such as Susan B. Anthony, Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton wore these new style of pants.  Some people would come to their speeches to see the bloomers and others would come to hear them speak and to see their clothes.  Today, bloomers are primarily only worn on dolls.   Find out more about women’s rights leaders, such as, Stanton, Anthony and Mott.  Which Amendment to our Constitution did these women’s rights leaders help achieve?  Which right does this Amendment guarantee?   Which women’s rights leader likeness appears on a US dollar coin?   ANSWERS:   19th Amendment/ the right to vote/ Susan B. Anthony

Day #6

In the field of Science and Medicine:

Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell became the first woman to go to medical school.  After graduating 1st in her class no hospital would hire a woman doctor so she opened her own hospital and helped teach other women to become doctors.  Find out about other female physicians and scientists such as botanists Elizabeth Pinckney and Rachel Carson.

Day #7

In the field of writing:          

President Lincoln called her the “Woman Who Started the Civil War.”  She wrote the best-selling book Uncle Tom’s Cabin in 1851 to protest the Fugitive Slave Act (a law which made it crime to help slaves escape).  This writer said her book showed readers that anyone who was a slave would, of course, try to escape. Who is this author? Her book was banned in some US states, which ones?  Find out about other women who made history during the Civil War such as Harriet Tubman, Sojourner Truth, Mary Chestnut, Sarah & Angilina Grimke and Mary Ann Shadd Cary.

Answer:          Harriet Beecher Stowe/ all Southern states

Day #8

In the field of Education:

Up unil the 1820’s women were not allowed to go to college.  School subjects such as math, science and philosophy were believed to be too difficult for women to learn. Emma Willard, opened the first college for women and offered these courses in her school.  The school is still in operation in the city of Troy, New York but it is a private high school now.  After Emma Willard’s college other woman’s colleges opened and they still exist today.  What are the names and locations other some of the other women’s colleges?  Find out about other women in education, such as, Jane Addams, Mary McLeod Bethune and Fanny Coppin.  Answers:         Mount Holyoke College & Smith College in MA, Mills College in Oakland, CA,  Bryn Mawr in PA, Wellesley in MA, Radcliffe in Boston, MA, Vassar in NY, Sarah Lawrence , Spelman in GA, (the 7 oldest on the East Coast are called the 7 sisters).

DAY #9         

Women Pilots

In the early years of flying (early 1900’s), airplanes were just a curiosity and an attraction county fairs.  Very few people ever dreamed that planes would be used as they are today.  Many of the early pilots were women stunt fliers who worked at or owned their own air shows.   Laura Bromwell became famous in the 1920’s for performing 199 loops in a single flight.  Bessie Coleman became the first African American woman to open up her own air show and school for pilots.  Both these women were inspired by Harriet Quimbly (the first woman to get a pilot’s license and 1st pilot to fly across the English Channel) and Amelia Erhart (1st pilot to cross the Atlantic). In 1937, Erhart, her navigator and her plane were lost in the Pacific in her attempt to fly around the world.  Find out why it is still more difficult to cross the Pacific Ocean than the Atlantic Ocean. 

Answers:  The Pacific is a much larger ocean/almost 2 times the size as the Atlantic/ there are few places for a plane to land and the islands are tiny.

DAY #10

In the field of Science & Medicine:

During the Civil War, Clara Barton started the first mobile army hospital to treat the wounded right away in the field instead of waiting until the patient had been transported to a hospital for treatment and endured further suffering.  After the war, she traveled in Europe and learned about the Red Cross, an organization that brings aid to people who are suffering because of war (no matter what side of the war they are on).  She worked for over two years to convince our government leaders that the US should become a member of the Red Cross.  Find out about other women in Medicine such as Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell and Dr. Virginia Apgar.

Day #11 

In the field of public speaking and politics:

In the 1870’s, Victoria Woodhull and her sister, Tennessee, were the first women stock brokers in America.  They opened up their own newspaper and Victoria Woodhull became the first woman to speak before a Committee of Congress saying that women should have the right to vote.  In 1872, she became the first woman to run for President of the United States.  Her political party was the Equal Rights Party.  She asked Frederick Douglass to be her Vice Presidential running mate but he said no.   Some historians say that she had a good chance of winning because the current president, Grant, was so unpopular, but in the end most of the votes were cast for her opponent after Woodhull published the details of a scandal about a minister in her newspaper just prior to the presidential election. Find out what a stock broker is.  Find out why President Grant was so unpopular.  Who was Frederick Douglass?  Woodhull’s political party, the Equal Rights Party doesn’t exist anymore.  Which 2 political parties were the most popular then (and now)?  Find out about other “firsts” women in politics,such as, Shirley Chisholm, Geraldine Ferrarro, Lady Deborah Moody and Barbara Jordan.  When do you think the US will have it’s first female president?

Answers: a person who arranges the buying and selling of stocks in return for a fee/a former slave became abolitionist & newspaper publisher/ Republican & Democrat.

Day #12

In the field of writing:

Jessie Benton Fremont was one of the most popular writers in the 1840’s and her news stories about the West encouraged thousands of pioneers to go  West.  Her husband and Kit Carson sent the facts to her about the best westward routes, the most desirable lands, etc.. and she used these facts to write enthusiastic newspaper articles.  Later in the decade (1849) thousands of people moved West for another reason;  what was this reason?  Find out about other female journalists with influence, such as Nellie Bly, Amelia Bllomer, Katherine Graham and photojournalists Dorothea Lange and Margaret Bourke-White

Answer:  the discovery of gold

Day  #13

In the field of writing:

Emma Lazarus’s poem “The New Colossus” is printed at the base of the Statue of Liberty.         The Statue was a gift from France to honor the US as the oldest democracy.  Lazarus was a well-known writer in her time and a friend of Ralph Waldo Emerson.  Can you recite the poem “The New Colossus?”   Who is the poem speaking to?  Where is the Statue of Liberty located?   Who is Ralph Waldo Emerson?  Find out about other female poets in our history, such as Phyllis Wheatley,  Anne Bradstreet and Emily Dickenson.

Answers:   the countries of the world/New York City/ a poet

Day #14

In the field of public speaking and politics:

Barbara Jordan was the first woman elected to the US House of Representatives.  She served 3 terms, one of which was during the Watergate investigation.  These words of hers during the investigation are often quoted:  “My faith in the Constitution is whole, it is complete, it is total.  I am not going to sit here and be an idle spectator in the subversion, or the destruction of the Constitution.”  Which President resigned because of the

Watergate investigation?  What was the Watergate investigation for?  How long is a term for a Representative?

Answers:   President Nixon/ to find out whether the President (Nixon) or his staff was breaking the laws of the Constitution/2 years

Day #15

In the field of art:

Georgia O’Keeffe earned the Medal of Freedom and the National Medal of Arts not (as she says) because “of a great gift or talent.”  She says she learned to trust her inner feelings about her work and had the self-confidence to express the world as she way it in her paintings.”  Most of her paintings are of flowers or dry animal bones and the landscape of the Southwestern deserts painted using color and in a different technique that gives us a new way of looking at the desert.   She continued to paint up until her death at age 99 in 1986. Find out about other important women artists, such as sculptor: Augusta Savage and dancers:  Isadora Duncan and Martha Graham. 

Day #16

In the field of writing and politics:

Eleanor Roosevelt  was the wife and (as she said) “eyes and legs” of one of our presidents.   This president was confined to a wheelchair because of polio, so his wife visited places and made speeches where he could not go.  During the Depression years she spoke for public projects to put the millions of unemployed people to work  and answered every letter she was sent from the public asking her for advice.  During WW2 she visited hospitals here and in Europe.  After WW2, she was appointed by the new president to be the United States representative to the United Nations.  Which president was her husband?  Which President appointed her to the UN?  What was the Depression?  What is the United Nations? 

Answers:  Franklin Delano Roosevelt/ President Truman/ time in US history when money was worth little/ millions of people out of work/ a group in which every nation belongs in order to solve problems between countries without war

Day #17

In the field of public speaking:

In a time when it was illegal for women to speak in public, Anne Hutchinson was one of our country’s first woman preachers. She was living in the Massachusetts colony in the early 1600’s.  She preached, among other things, that her colony shouldn’t use Native Americans as slaves. The church leaders put her on trial because they believed that as a women she didn’t have the right to speak in public and because they disagreed with her opinions.  They banished her from their colony and she moved to New York.  However, later, the church leaders did make some changes in their ways (as Hutchinson had wanted).  The Hutchinson River in New York is named after her.  What was the name of her religious colony?  Find out about other talented public speakers such as Susan B. Anthony, Sojourner Truth,  Lucy Stone and Barbara Jordan.

ANSWER:    the Puritans

Day #18

In the field of writing:

Anne Bradstreet was the first female poet in Colonial America (in the late 1600’s) Today, her poems appear after Native American poems in almost every collection of American poetry.  But when she first started publishing her work, she tried to copy the style of  French poetry and readers thought her poems were boring.  When she began to write of her life and emotions in Colonial America her poems became best-sellers.    Find out about other women poets who helped shape and record history such as Emma Lazarus, Phyllis Wheatley and Emily Dickenson.

Day #19         

In the field of politics:

Lady Deborah Moody became the first female mayor by starting her own town in the 1600’s.  She called it Gravesend which is now part of Brooklyn in New York City and famous for the beach and amusement park.   What is the name of this famous amusement park?  Find out about other women who made “firsts” in the field of politics, such as Eleanor Roosevelt, Barbara Jordan and Carol-Mosley Braun. Answer:  Coney Island

Day  #20

In the field of writing:

Phyllis Wheatley was the first known African American poet in America.  Her adopted family in Boston taught her to read and bought her freedom from slavery.  As a poet she traveled to Europe and was honored there.  She met George Washington and was honored by him after sending him a poem just as the Revolutionary War was beginning.  Find out why slaves were not allowed to learn to read and write.  Find out about a few modern African American women writers, such as Maya Angelou, Alice Walker and Toni Morrison.

Day #21

In the field of writing:

Nellie Bly was America’s first undercover reporter.  She wrote news stories after experiencing work in a coal mine, life in a mental hospital, work in a sweatshop, and daily life in a women’s prison.  In the late 1800’s, she also became known for her news stories of her travels around the world in 72 days to beat the record at that time of 80 days.  Find out what methods of transportation she used to travel around the world. What is a sweatshop?  Find out about other female journalists, such as Katherine Graham and Jessie Fremont.  Answer:  she traveled by boat and train/ a factory where employees work for low wages, long hours and in unsafe conditions.

Day #22

In the field of education:

Jane Addams opened the first community center and day care center in the US in 1889 called “Hull House.”  It was located in Chicago’s West Side; it’s “inner city.”   She became involved in the early labor movement in the US by helping write our first laws to prevent child labor, establish minimum wages and 8 hour work day.  She was also awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1931 for her work during and after World War 1 for the cause of disarmament and peace.  What is disarmament?

Answer:          taking apart weapons, weapon’s factories, etc.

To the reader of the questions

            1.         Pre-read the questions before the day of the Bee. Answers are listed but your judgment is final.  On the day of the Bee you many want to trade jobs  with the scorekeeper halfway through the Bee so you are not reading so much. 

            2.         Make the first round a practice round if you think the questions are too difficult.

            3.         Keep the pace going fairly quickly.  Say “correct” if the student is correct and “incorrect” and then announce the correct answer if the student is incorrect.  Then go on to the next student and next question.   You and the students can “rest” at the end of the round.

                4.         The Bee should take approximately one hour to complete.

To the scorekeeper

            1.         Assign each student to a seat in a semi-circle facing you. 

            2.         If there are more than 30 participants spilt the group into different rooms.

            3.         Keep track of correct and incorrect answers.  If a student misses 2 answers he or she leaves after the round is over and joins the audience.

To the Bee participants

You were selected by your teachers to participate in (school name)’s annual Women’s History Bee to celebrate the month of March as Women’s History Month. Women’s History is not a separate history from United States history, but the contributions of women are not always in our history books.  If we learn history without it’s women, we learn that women are not important.  As you found out in the daily bulletins each day this month,  women have had an important role in shaping US history and have made contributions in all fields from art, economics, literature, music and science. 

Thank you for participating and good luck to all of you!

The rules are:

            1.         You have 15 seconds to answer each question.

            2.         You may ask to have the question repeated before the scorekeeper calls “Time”.

            3.         Wait until the reader finishes the question before answering.  Once the round has begun there is no talking unless it is your turn or you will be disqualified.  Many questions build upon answers to previous questions.  Also, the same answers can be used more than once.

            4.         If you miss one question you are still in the contest.  If you miss two questions you will join the audience after that round is over.

               

Julia Morgan

Mararet Mead, anthropologist

Clare Boothe Luce, newswoman

Juliette Low,        founder of the Girl Scouts

When photography started in the late 1800’s many women enter the field        Dorothea Lange, etc.

Mary Chesnut     This woman wrote a famous confederate Civil War Diary.

Sarah Emma Emerson     ?

Mary Katherine Goddard               ?

Abigail Adams    Indepence Day for Women too

Elizabeth Cady Stanton    is writer of the Women’s Declaration of Independence.  She worked against slavery....Carrie Chapman Catt                Louisa May Alcott

Marian  Anderson

Charlie Parkhurst first to vote, disguised as a man

Jane Muir              Famous Modern American Women Writers

Emily Dickinson, Laura Ingalls Wilder, Willa Cather, Gertrude Stein, Amy Lowell, Enda St. Vincent Millay, Pearl S. Buck, Dorothy Thompson, Eudora Welty, Marchette Chute, Jessamyn West,

Dorothy Nathan  Women of Courage

Susan B. Anthony               illegal to speak in public, arrested for voting

Mary McLeod Bethune

Sarah Bolton        Lives of Girls Who became Famous

Rosa Bonheur      ?

Katharine Cornell                ?

Julia Ward Howe ?                              Hellen Keller                         Elizabeth Kenny  ?

Jenny Lind                            ?              Sarah Joseph Hale                              Hale House

Mary Lyon                           ?              Florence Nightingale                           not US?

Margaret Fuller Ossoli                         ?              Francis Perkins                     a woman in politics

Spelling Bees. Geography Bees. I wrote this U.S. History Bee

I wrote this U.S. History be to celebrate Black History Month in February and a second U.S. History Bee to celebrate Women's History Month in March.  I liked how focusing on a theme and group of people can be a frame studying all of U.S. History and even world history.  I watched the National Geographic Geography Bee and organized a few of them at my junior high.  I liked the suspense and also liked that the questions could teach audience and the contestants.

      A United States History Bee 

for Black History Month

                     

for questions, comments or ordering information please write to:

Barbara Carlson

     

written by Barbara Carlson

Teacher Consultant

Copyright Ó1996, Barbara Carlson.  All rights reserved.

                                               

                                TABLE OF CONTENTS

Description and Objectives..........................................page 4

Information

      for the organizer...........................page 4

      for the librarian.............................page 5

      for the typist.................................page 6

      for the reader...............................page 13

      for the scorekeeper......................page 13

      for the participants.......................page 13

Bee questions & answers..................page  14

Description and Objectives

The objectives of this United States History Bee for Black History Month are:

1.         to encourage students to be knowledgeable of United States History and African American History.  Several students are chosen from each history class to participate in a school wide Bee.  The Bee questions test a student’s knowledge of American History and not knowledge of trivia.  The majority of questions are chronological and build on knowledge gained from previous questions.

2.         to make all students aware that February is Black History Month. Each day the students will hear in the school’s daily bulletin two names of famous African Americans and their short biographies.

3.         to set up a display of African American related history books, magazines, videos, software and other resources in the student and city library and local bookstores for students and other members of the community to study.     

To the organizer

1.   PICK A DATE AND TIME 

Decide early in the month of February when the Bee will be held.  During lunch or after school on a shorter day are good times.  The Bee takes about one hour to complete.  Distribute Bee information to the librarian and to the typist and work with them to complete their tasks.

2.  SELECT PARTICIPANTS

Announce to teachers that by the end of the month they are to choose one or two students from their history  classes to participate in the Bee.  Teachers can choose interested students or give students a short qualifying test.   Collect all the names of the participants before the day of the Bee.

3.  ORGANIZE PARTICIPANTS  It is best to limit the number of participants to 30.  Larger groups should split into groups of 30 and compete in different rooms.  One 6th grade teacher has her entire class participate and then the winners from each class compete in the final rounds.  On the day of the Bee, assign each student a chair number (1-30).  Have the students arrange chairs in a semi-circle facing you and then have them sit in their assigned chair.  The scorekeeper keeps track of correct and incorrect answers.  If a student answers two questions incorrectly he or she must leave their place in the semi-circle after the end of the round and join the audience.  Hopefully, the students can answer the Round 1 question and will not have to leave their place in the circle until Round 4. However, if you think the Round 1 questions are too difficult, you may decide to make Round 1 a practice round.

4.  PUBLICIZE WINNERS Announce participants and winners to all students, parents and the community.  Invite the local newspaper to watch and take photgraphs.  Congratulate the top three winners with certificates, prizes and/or their photo in the yearbook.  Award all participants with certificates or a small food prize.

To the librarian

Create a display in your library by gathering together all the materials you have relating to Black History month.  At one school, teachers collected recordings of Duke Ellington, Aretha Franklin, etc.  to play over the school’s public address system for a few minutes during the homeroom class period.  Most students at my school recognized Alex Haley’s books Roots and The Autobiography of Malcolm X , Booker T. Washington’s Up from Slavery  and DuBois’ Souls of Black Folk so I included these and other popular books in the library display.  Also, you can include any novels that are on the students’ reading lists, such as Sounder, The Cay and Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry as well as the student’s own history books open to the chapters relating to Black History.  I used The American Experience: An HBJ Resource Guide for the Multicultural Classroom (Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc. New York:  1993) to find interesting titles.   This book is a descriptive bibliography of resources available for various age-levels. 

Here is a list of the books and resources I used to write this Bee.

African Americans:  Voices of Triumph,  Time-Life Books, Alexandria, Virginia: 1994.  There are 3 volumes in this series and Time-Life will send schools free educational materials by calling 1-800-892-0316.  They also told me they send free copies of the volumes themselves to school libraries!

Hudson, Wade, and Valerie W. Wesley. Book of Black Heroes from A to Z: An Introduction to Important Black Achievers for Young Readers.  Orange,  NJ:  Just Us Books,  1988.

Igus, Toyomi, ed.   Book of Black Heroes:  Great Women in the Struggle.  Orange, NJ:  Just Us Books,  1991.

Low, Augustus W., and Virgil A. Clift, eds. Encyclopedia of Black America.  New York: Da Capo Press, 1984.

The “San Jose Mercury News” in San Jose, CA published in February 1994 an excellent  15 page newspaper for teachers and students called “Pride in Color” though the Newspapers in Education (NIE) project.  Call the Mercury News to get copies.

In 1995 “American Heritage” magazine began publishing an annual magazine on African American History and Culture called “Legacy”.   Call 216-851-0009 to get copies. 

Information for the typist:     

During Black History Month please type the introduction one a week and the entries each day.  You and the organizer can decide to use this information verbatim.  However, some schools have shortened the information while other schools have added questions, photographs, music, etc.  Decide what works best in your daily bulletin’s format.  

Introduction:

February is Black History Month.  So......you say you know the history of Martin Luther King, Jr., Malcolm X and Harriet Tubman.  If you do, and know even more history, then maybe you can win (school name)’s  Black History Bee to be held at the end of this month.  Check out (school name) and the (city) library’s  Black History display and start reading today!  Each day this month our daily bulletin will feature short biographies of two famous African Americans. 

Day 1

In the field of Science

Benjamin Banneker was an architect and builder and  the first African American to receive a presidential appointment.  In 1791, George Washington named him to the team that designed the city of Washington, DC.

Matthew Alexander Henson was an explorer.  He was part of Admiral Robert Peary’s team that discovered the North Pole in 1907. According to Peary’s diary, he was the first person to arrive at the Pole’s exact location.  Peary himself couldn’t make it all the way to the Pole because he was suffering from frostbite.

Day 2

In the field of Science

Mae Jemison became the first African American woman in space.  Her first flight was aboard the space Shuttle called the Endeavor.  Before becoming an astronaut she earned her medical degrees at Stanford and Cornell and also served in the Peace Corps in West Africa.

George Washington Carver  was a botanist (plant biologist).  He became President of Booker T. Washington’s Tuskegee University in 1897.  He is known for his experimentation with the uses of peanuts, soybeans and sweet potatoes to make products such as soap, linoleum, ink, paint and face powder. 

Day 3

In the field of Art & Music

Billie Holiday  was a jazz singer whose unique style and voice made her one of the most famous jazz singers of all time.  Holiday, who was nicknamed “Lady Day,” performed with the bands of Benny Goodman, Count Basie and Artie Shaw before becoming a solo performer in 1940.

Marian Anderson  was the first black woman to sing a leading role at the Metropolitan Opera in New York City.  Before this performance in the United States,  she sang in countries all over the world, while here, in the United States, she was not allowed to perform because she was black.  A famous event in American history was her singing “My Country tis of Thee”  on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial on Easter morning in 1939. She was not allowed to sing at Constitutional Hall.

Day 4

In the field of Art & Music

Harry George Belafonte became a star in the 1950’s as a calypso singer with songs he made famous such as “Day-O”, “Brown Skin Girl” and “Jamaica Farewell”.  Calypso is a style of ballad (song) originating from the West Indies.  It is common to use metal drums to accompany calypso songs.  Belafonte is also a Hollywood actor best-known for the 1954 film “Carmen Jones,” a modern day version of the 19th century opera “Carmen”.

James Reese Europe was the first black bandleader to serve in WW1.  He served with the first all-black division called the “Harlem Hellfighters”.  His music was one of the early sounds of jazz.  The “Harlem Hellfighters” division fought successfully in Europe after only drilling for battle in the streets of Harlem in New York City without uniforms, weapons or leaders.

Day 5

In the field of Art & Music

Duke Ellington  wrote over 1,000 jazz songs; two of his most famous are “Take the A Train” and “Sophisticated Lady.”   Along with entertainers like Cab Calloway and Lena Horne, Duke Ellington performed at Harlem’s famous Cotton Club in the 1940’s, where blacks at that time (with a few exceptions) were only allowed in as entertainers, cooks and waiters.

Aretha Franklin   She is most well known for her song “R-E-S-P-E-C-T,” “Chain of Fools” and “Never Loved A Man.” She made her first record at age 12 and by 1967 she became known as the “Queen of Soul”.

Day 6

In the field of Sports         

Jackie Robinson  from 1947 to 1956 became the first African American baseball player to play in the major leagues, playing for the Brooklyn Dodgers.  Also,  he was the first African American to gain admission to the National Baseball Hall of Fame.

Jack Johnson in the early 1900’s became the first African American heavyweight boxing champion of the world.

Day 7

In the field of Sports

Muhammad Ali  became the first boxer ever to hold the heavyweight Champion of the world three times.  He was born Cassius Clay but changed his name to Muhammad Ali when he became a Muslim and joined the Nation of Islam.  He also became famous (and infamous among people who disagreed with him) for refusing to go into the Army in 1967 during the Vietnam War.  He believed that all wars are wrong. 

Joe Lewis  won the heavyweight title in 1937.  He became a symbol of African American pride and was nicknamed “the Brown Bomber.”  He defended his title more than 25 times before he retired in 1949.  Whenever he won, Louis told reporters, “ It was just another lucky night.”

Day 8

In the field of Writing

Richard Wright  was a novelist and is best know for his novel Native Son which told the story of blacks fighting against awful political and social conditions in Chicago in the 1930’s.   His book  Black Boy is Wright’s autobiography.

Frederick Douglass  was an abolitionist and journalist.  He escaped slavery and in 1847 founded the newspaper THE NORTH STAR to convince whites and free blacks to work to abolish slavery.  Douglass also convinced President Lincoln to accept black soldiers into the Union Army. 

Day 9

In the field of Writing

W.E.B. DuBois  was a writer who helped organize the NAACP in 1909.  He wrote over 20 books of which Souls of Black Folks is his best known.   The NAACP is the most well known civil rights organization in the US.  The NAACP still exists and their goal is to achieve equality of all races through legal action. 

In the field of Education

Booker T. Washington founded Tuskegee University in 1881.  He believed that the way for blacks to gain equality with whites was through education.     Many African Americans disagreed with his opinion, such as W.E.B. DuBois, who argued that blacks should fight for equal treatment in the court system and on the job.

Fanny Coppin  was a teacher. She was born a slave but bought her freedom for $125.  She was the first black woman in the United States to receive a college degree.  She graduated from Oberlin College in Ohio and became a teacher in the 1860’s.   Coppin State College in Baltimore, Maryland was named in her honor. 

Day 10

In the field of Writing

Lorraine Hansberry  was a writer.  Her most famous play, Raisin in the Sun, tells the story about a black family’s move into a white neighborhood in the 1950’s.  This play became the first play by a black woman to be produced on Broadway-----New York City’s “theater street.”

Joseph Cinque  was captured in West Africa in the 1840’s and sent to America on a slave ship called the “Armistad.”  He led a revolt aboard the ship and eventually they returned to Sierra Leone in Africa.  Cinque and 35 other Africans were allowed to return home only after the US Supreme Court heard their case.   John Quincy Adams represented the Africans before the Supreme Court.   He argued successfully that the Africans were not slaves because they had been captured and sold illegally.  By this time in our history, the US government had declared that buying slaves from Africa was illegal.

Day 11

Olympic Athletes

Wilma Rudolf  competed in the 1960 Olympic games in Rome, Italy to win 3 Olympic medals and became the fastest woman runner in the world.  She began running to help her overcome a limp caused by polio, an illness she had during childhood.

Jesse Owens  won 3 Gold medals (Broad jump, 10-meter dash and the 200-meter dash) at the 1936 Olympic Games in Berlin, Germany and set new world records in these events.

Day 12

In the field of Writing

Langston Hughes  published his first poem in 1921 when he was 19 called “The Negro Speaks of Rivers”:  “I’ve known rivers/I’ve know rivers ancient as the world and older than the flow of human blood in human veins/My soul has grown deep like rivers./”  Before writing became a career, Hughes worked as a waiter aboard cruise ships where he met writers who encouraged him.  Hughes is considered one of the most important poets of the Harlem Renaissance.

The Harlem Renaissance is the name given to the time and place in history when African-American art & writing flourished during the 1920’s and 1930’s.  This was the  first time in the history of the US that large numbers of black writers lived in the same place (Harlem in New York City) and were in contact with one another.

Day 13

In the field of Writing

Alex Haley  wrote the book ROOTS  which won the Pulitzer Prize in literature in 1977.  He is also famous for interviewing Malcolm X more often and more in depth than any other person.  The information gained from these interviews is written in  Haley’s book  The Autobiography of Malcolm X.  Both books were made into popular movies which helped make African American history known to all Americans.

Ida B. Wells ,during the 1880’s, owned and reported for the newspaper called “Free Speech” in Memphis, Tenn.   She is also the author of the Red Book, the first study to document lynching---the mob killing of people by hanging.  This book brought out in the open the horror and frequency of lynching in Southern states.  People were shocked to learn that lynching was a crime going unpunished.  Even the police lynched citizens to control through fear.

Day 14

In the field of Writing

Olaudah Equiano  wrote the book The Interesting Narrative of the life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Cassa, the African which was one of first autobiographies of an African who became a slave in America.  He included a description of life on a slave ship. Over 1/3 of the slaves died from suffocation and disease on the ship he was on.  Charles Ball and Henry Bibb also wrote in the mid-1800’s autobiographies as slaves.  Their books tell of a slave’s short childhood.  By age 10, children were working full time.  Both writers were slaves in the cotton fields and they picked over 250 pounds of cotton a day.

William and Ellen Craft  wrote in 1860 a book titled Running a Thousand Miles for Freedom.  This book tells of their escape from slavery.  Ellen disguised herself as a handicapped white man needing the accompaniment of her slave to travel to Boston by train.  Their escape was successful and from Boston they traveled to England.   After the Civil War the Crafts returned to Georgia where they bought a plantation and converted it to a freedmen’s school.  Other slaves escaped by “Underground Railroad”, in freight boxes, or any way possible.

Day 15

In the field of Law

Thurgood Marshall  became the first African American justice of the Supreme Court in 1967.  He is also known for being the chief lawyer for the NAACP.  Marshall is given credit  for changing the state laws that allowed segregation of schools by winning the Supreme Court Case Brown vs. Board of Education in 1954.  He graduated from Howard University Law School in Washington, DC.   Founded in 1909, the NAACP is the most well known civil rights organization in the US.  The NAACP’s goal is to achieve equality of all races through legal action. 

Howard University  is the largest historic black college in the US (about 80% of the students are black).  The University was founded in 1867 by the First Congregational Society to offer blacks freed after the Civil War a college education.  Other historic black colleges include Morehouse in Atlanta, GA,  Florida A & M,  Fisk University in Nashville, TN, Shaw University in Raleigh, NC,  Benedict College in Columbia, SC and Spelman College in Atlanta, GA.

Day 16

In the field of Public Speaking and Politics

Sojourner Truth  ran away from slavery to become free.  She started her own campaign to abolish slavery and traveled throughout the Northern States during the Civil War giving public speeches.  She was a talented public speaker and like Frederick Douglass she spoke about the horrors of slavery and convinced others who were not slaves to join her fight against slavery.  She changed her name to Sojourner Truth which means “traveling truth”.

Shirley Chisholm, in 1968,  became the first African American woman elected to the United States Congress.

Marcus Garvey came to New York City from Jamaica in 1916 and founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association, the weekly newspaper “Negro World” and the Black Star steamship line.  Garvey preached economic and political self-determination and said that Blacks should relocate to Africa because they would never achieve equality in the United States.  Malcolm X’s father was a follower of Garvey’s “Back to Africa” movement.

Day 17

In the field of Medicine

Charles Drew  was a medical doctor who researched methods of storing blood in Blood Banks.  He developed the method we use today which stores blood safely for long periods of time.  The blood plasma--blood fluid with the cells and platelets---is separated from the blood.   His research saved millions of lives and earned  Drew a Ph.D. in Medicine in 1940------the first ever awarded to an African American.

Rebecca Lee  was the first African American female physician.  She practiced medicine after the Civil War in the Confederate Capital---Richmond, VA.  She is best known for the health care and information she provided to newly freed slaves.   She published a book called Medical Discourse which taught women how to care for themselves and their children.

Justina Ford   was the 1st black female doctor in the West.  She earned her medical degree and license in 1902.  She  became Colorado’s best known obstetrician and was called “Denver’s Baby Doctor.”   During her lifetime she helped deliver over 7,000 babies.

Day 18

In the field of Science

“Guy” Bluford  became the first African American to fly in space traveling aboard the space shuttle Challenger in 1983.   His job as a mission specialist was to place satellites in orbit.  He earned his MA and  Ph.D. in Aerospace  Engineering.   He calls his job at NASA fantastic.  “I don’t need a hobby.  My hobby is going to work.”

Ronald McNair  was a NASA astronaut who earned his Doctorate in Physics from MIT in 1976. He specialized in the shuttle’s remote controlled manipulator arm used to retrieve and place satellites in orbit.  His hometown was so proud of his achievements they named a day and street in his honor.  Also, McNair’s boot prints are cemented in the city’s downtown park----a park he was barred from as a child because he was black.  McNair died in the Challenger explosion in 1986.

Day 19

In the field of Science

Bernard Harris is a doctor of medicine who practices medicine in space.  He is mission specialist for Spacelab D2--Spacelabs are the self-contained chambers that fit into the cargo bay of a space shuttle.  Harris helped design exercises and equipment for astronauts to stay in condition while in space.  As astronauts adapt to weightlessness they loose muscle tone and bone mass which can be dangerous to their health.

Warren Washington---earned a Ph.D. from Penn State in Physics in 1963 and applied his interest in computers and meteorology to develop a computer system that forecasts the weather.  Prior to his work, meteorologists were only able at best to forecast the weather a day ahead.  Washington has been an advisor to Presidents Carter, Reagan, Bush and Clinton on the “Greenhouse Effect.” 

Day 20

In the field of Business

North Carolina Mutual (NCM)  was the first black owned and operated insurance company and it still exists today.   Founded in 1898,  NCM became the largest black owned company in the US.  The company began in Durham, NC and attracted so many other African American businesses that the city’s business district was at one time called “America’s Black Wall Street”.  

Ann Lowe was a clothing designer and her most famous design was the wedding and bridal party gowns she created for Jacqueline Bouvier’s marriage to (the then) Senator John F. Kennedy in 1953.    Lowe was trained as a designer at the Taylor Design School in New York City in 1917 but white students did not associate with her because she was black and she was seated separately from the other students in the classroom.    In the 1970’s Lowe returned to New York and opened Ann Lowe Originals on Madison Avenue---New York City’s “fashion and advertising street”.

To the reader of the questions: 

Pre-read the questions before the day of the Bee.  Answers are listed but your judgment is final.  On the day of the Bee you many want to trade jobs  with the scorekeeper halfway through the Bee so you are not reading so much.  If a student answers the question correctly say “correct” and go on to the the next student and the next question.  If a student answers the question incorrectly say “incorrect”. Announce the correct answer before continuing. The Bee should take approximately one hour to complete.

To the scorekeeper:

Assign each student a chair number. There should be 30 students or fewer in each room.  Have the students arrange their chairs in a semi-circle facing you.  Then have them sit in their assigned chair.  Keep track of correct and incorrect answers.   If a student answers two questions incorrectly he or she leaves the semi-circle after the round is over and joins the audience.  Also, keep track of time.  Each participant has 15 seconds to answer a question.

To the Bee participants:

You were selected by your teachers to participate in (school name)’s annual Black History Bee to celebrate the month of February as Black History Month.   In 1926,  Dr. Carter G. Woodson began Black History Month to promote awareness of the life and history of African Americans.  Before Woodson’s research in the early 1900’s most people believed African Americans had no history.   Black History is not a separate history from United States history, but like many minority groups (women included) the contributions of African Americans are not always in our history books.  As you found out in the daily bulletins each day this month, African Americans have had an important role in shaping US history and have made contributions in all fields from art, economics, literature, music and science. 

Thank you for participating and good luck to all of you!

The rules are:

            1.         You have 15 seconds to answer each question.

            2.         You may ask to have the question repeated before the scorekeeper calls “Time”.

            3.         Wait until the reader finishes the question before answering.  Once the round has begun there is no talking unless it is your turn or you will be disqualified.  Many questions build upon answers to previous questions.  Also, the same answers can be used more than once.

            4.         If you miss one question, you are still in the contest.  If you miss two questions you will join the audience after that round is over.

            Round 1       

Most students know more about Martin Luther King, Jr. than any other African American in United States history.  Therefore, in order for you to become familiar with the format of a History Bee the questions in this first round are all about the life and achievements of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

1.  What was Dr. Martin Luther Kings’ career?

                        minister

2.   Martin Luther King’s home church was Dexter Avenue Baptist Church.  The church still stands and many tourists visit it each year.  Which city is this church in?

                        Montgomery, Alabama

3.   In Montgomery, Alabama there is also a Civil Rights Monument designed by the same architect who designed the Vietnam Memorial in Washington, DC.   The monument is 40 names, dates and places of the Civil Rights Movement etched onto a round black slab of marble.  Name one event that is printed on this monument.

                        Supreme Court ban segregated seating on Montgomery                                                                                     buses

                        1/4 million Americans march on Washington for civil rights

                        Freedom Summer brings 1,000 volunteers to Mississippi

                        Dr. Martin Luther King jr. Assassinated  

                                                (etc.)

 4.  What is the term used to describe keeping the races separate from one another in separate schools, separate restaurants, access to separate drinking fountains, separate rest rooms, etc..

                        segregation      

5.  South Africa became the last country in the world to use laws to keep races segregated from one another.  What was the South African term for segregation?

                        apartheid

6.   During the United States Civil Rights Movement black protesters would sit in restaurants and other public buildings that were reserved for whites only.  What is this form of protest called?

                        a sit-in

7.   In 1955,  a black  woman refused to give her bus seat to a white man and this action started a major event of the Civil Rights Movement---the Montgomery Bus Boycott.  Who was this woman.

                        Rosa Parks

8.  Martin Luther King’s philosophy of non-violence was influenced by India’s leader Mahatma Gandhi.  Refusing to use the city bus system to protest Rosa Park’s arrest is what method of protest?

                        boycott

9.  Boycotts and sit-ins are non-violent methods of protest.  Give one other example of a non-violent method to protest. 

                        marches, petitions or hunger strikes

10.  Mahatma Gandhi’s use of non-violent protest eventually led to India’s independence from which European country?

                        England

11.  Martin Luther King, Jr.  was chosen president of the Montgomery bus boycott committee.  During the year long boycott of Montgomery’s buses there was violence committed against the committee; homes were shot into and bombed, including MLK’s.  Did MLK respond to this violence with violence?

                        no

12.        For approximately one year, 50,000 people boycotted the buses by car pooling, taking taxis or walking to work.  The success of Montgomery’s bus boycott boosted MLK to instant fame.  He was soon regarded as the leader of a movement.  What was this movement called?

                        The Civil Rights movement

13.        The bus boycott resulted in the US Supreme court ruling that Alabama’s segregation laws were unconstitutional.  In celebration, King and others rode the buses throughout the streets of Montgomery.  Where was it now legal for them to sit?

                        in the front, anywhere they wished

14.        Soon after the bus boycott, Ralph Abernathy and Martin Luther King, Jr. and other black clergymen created the SCLC in 1957 which used black churches as a base for organizing non-violent protests.  What are clergymen?

                        people who are church leaders, ministers,

15.        These clergymen called their group the SCLC.  What (does the acronym) do the initials SCLC stand for?

                        Southern Christian Leadership Conference

16.        After the bus boycott, the next big project was organizing the March for Equality on August 28, 1963. In which American city did this march take place?                                                                        Washington, DC

17.        Over 250,000 (1/4 of a million people) marched to the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, DC up Independence and Constitution Avenues.  The high point of this march was Martin Luther King’s moving speech.  What is the title of this now famous speech?

                        “I have a dream”

18.        Unlike many of King’s other speeches, “I have a dream” was prepared in less than an hour.  Recite any one sentence from this speech. 

                       

19.     “Jobs and Freedom”  were the goals of the March on Washington.  The march leaders published a list of demands or goals for the March.  One demand was a national minimum wage, which would include all workers.  What was one of the other demands?

                        decent housing, access to public buildings, integrated education,                                               laws which bars discrimination by government, employers, trade unions.

20.        The year following the March on Washington, Congress passes the Civil Rights Act of 1964.  This act made the separation of the races illegal.  What is the term used to describe no longer separating races.

                        integration or desegregation

21.        The first sit-in occurred Feb. 1st, 1960 when four African American college students sat down at a “White only” lunch counter to be served.  They were cursed and hit, but yet they remained seated and returned the following day.  Many others did the same at other “White only” lunch counters.  Give one reason why sit-ins worked to finally integrate restaurants throughout the South.

                        Assaults against people who are nonviolent makes most observers take sides                            with the nonviolent group (and against the violent group).

22.        King also visited Chicago where he organized marches in neighborhoods where blacks were prevented from buying houses.  Many bystanders threw rocks, shot off guns, yelled curses and death threats.  Give one reason why it is  harder to react with non-violence to these violent assaults than with violence.

                        (Your judgment is final for the corrent answer)               

23.  Nonviolent actions included sit-ins, boycotts and marches.  These actions during the Civil Rights Movement won Martin Luther King the highest international prize for peace in 1964.  What is this prize called?

                        Nobel Peace Prize

                                               

24.  A day before his assassination King gave a speech now titled “I have been to the Mountain Top”, in which he said:  “I’ve seen the promised land.  I may not get there with you.  But I want you to know tonight, that we, as a people, will get to the promised land.”  What did MLK mean by  this?

                        I may not be alive but the struggle will continue. We will reach  our                                               goal of racial equality

25.        1986 became the first year that the United States celebrated the first national holiday for an African American.  Who is honored on that holiday?

                        Martin Luther King, Jr.

26.        The MLK Federal Holiday Commission encourages people to celebrate the holiday by doing community service.  The Commission would not like this holiday to turn into a shopping day.  Name one other individual we honor with a national holiday.

                        President Washington or President Lincoln

27.        Martin Luther King, Jr. holiday is celebrated on King’s birthday in January.  Yet Black History Month is celebrated in February.  February was picked to honor the birthdays of Frederick Douglass and an American President.  Which American President?

                        President Lincoln

28.        President Lincoln and Frederick Douglass were both honored because they were abolitionists.  What is an abolitionist?

                        someone who works to abolish slavery

29.        This leader disagreed with MLK about the best methods to reach the goal of racial equality, but did work together with King to register voters.  Instead of calling for nonviolence, this leader used the words “by any means necessary.” However, near the end of both of their lives their methods were more alike than different.  This leader is?

                        Malcolm X

30.        Who said these words:  “The greater sin is not bad people doing bad things; it is good people doing nothing.”                

                        MLK

Round 2                    The questions in this round cover the topics of  African American achievements in education, writing, art and music.  This first set of questions are in the field of education and writing.

1.         Joseph Cinque was captured in West Africa and sent to the US as a slave in the 1840’s.  He led a revolt aboard the slave ship “Armistad” and returned to Africa to tell his story.  There were other slave ship revolts but very few were successful.  Two Caribbean countries had successful slave revolts.  Name one of these countries.

                        Jamaica or Haiti           

2.         Fanny Coppin became the first black woman in the United States to receive a college degree.  Fanny Coppin was born a slave, name 1 way that slaves could become free.

                        escape or buy their freedom with their master’s permission

3.         Tuskegee University in Tuskegee,  Alabama was founded in 1881 by Booker T. Washington.  Name 1 other historic black university.

                        Howard, Spelman, Fordham, Morehouse, Florida A &M, Fisk,                                                     Shaw, Benedict, Lincoln etc.

4.         Ossie Davis (the actor) and David Dinkins (the former mayor of New York) are graduates of the largest black university in the United States.  This university is  located in Washington, DC.  Name the university.

                        Howard

5.         Booker T. Washington founded Tuskegee University in 1881 because he believed that the way for blacks to gain equality with whites was through education.  Many African Americans disagreed with his opinion and argued that blacks should fight for equal treatment in the court system and on the job.  Name the man who famously argued with Booker T. Washington.

                        W.E.B. DuBois

6.         This man escaped slavery and became a journalist and founder of the newspaper the “North Star”.   This man convinced many Northerners during the Civil War to work to abolish slavery, and he convinced Lincoln to accept blacks into the Union Army.  Name this man.

                        Frederick Douglass

7.         Frederick Douglass fought against slavery by writing articles and giving speeches that convinced people to fight against slavery too.  Give the term for someone who fights against slavery.

                        Abolitionist

8.         This man helped organize the NAACP in 1909.  He also wrote over 20 books of which the Souls of Black Folks is best known.  He argued with Booker T. Washington about the best way for blacks to achieve equality with whites.  Name this man.

                        W.E.B. DuBois                                                 

9.         Started in 1909, the NAACP is the oldest civil rights organization in the US.  What do the initials NAACP stand for?

                        National Assoc. for the Advancement of Colored People

10.        Charles Chesnut is one of the important poets of the Harlem Renaissance.    The Harlem Renaissance was a time during the 1920’s and 1930’s when a large number of black writers lived in the same place (Harlem) and were in contact and supported each other’s work.  Name one other  Harlem Renaissance writer.

                        Langston Hughes, James Weldon Johnson, Zora Neale Hurston, etc.

11.        Historians also use the word Renaissance (which is an Old French word) to define the time in world history after the Middle Ages (during the 15th and 16th century).  What does the word “Renaissance” mean in English?

                        Re-birth or awakening                           

12.        An important writer of the Harlem Renaissance is James Weldon Johnson.  He was also a leader of the NAACP.  He put in writing the many songs that were sung by slaves during the time of slavery.  What do we call these types of songs.

                        Spirituals, folksongs

13.        James Weldon Johnson also wrote what is sometimes called the “Black National anthem”.  What is the title of this song?

                        “Lift Every Voice and Sing”

14.        Before the Civil War it was illegal for slaves to learn to read and write.  Despite this law, slaves did learn to read and write and some even wrote their own life stories.  What is this type of writing called?

                        autobiography

15.        This woman in the 1880’s owned and reported for the newspaper called the Free Speech in Memphis, Tenn.  She is also the author of  Red Book, the first study to document lynching.  Who is this writer?

                        Ida Wells

16.        This writer is best known for his novel Native Son.  His autobiography is called Black Boy  which became a best seller. Who is this writer?

                        Richard Wright

17.        This woman’s most famous play Raisin in the Sun tells the story of a black family’s move into a white neighborhood in the 1950’s.  This play became the 1st African American play to be produced on Broadway.  Who is this writer?

                        Lorraine Hansberry

18.        Alice Walker is a writer and graduate of Sarah Lawrence College. She won a Pulitzer Prize and American Book Award in 1983.  In one of her autobiographical stories she tells how she was blinded in one eye by her brother’s BB gun.  She writes ”it was then that I began really to see people and things.”   One of her books was made into an award-winning movie in 1986. Give the title of one of her books.

                        The Color Purple, children’s books: To Hell with Dying,  Langston                                               Hughes biography, Finding the Green Stone.

19.        Toni Morrison grew up hearing stories and folklore.  In 1988, she was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for her novel Beloved.  In 1993, she received literature’s highest honor--the Nobel Prize for Literature.  Give the title of one of her other novels.

                        Sula, The Bluest Eye, The Song of Solomon, Jazz

20.        This writer’s book Roots won him the Pulitzer Prize in literature in the 1977.  He is also famous for interviewing Malcolm X longer and more often than any other person and for writing the Autobiography of Malcolm X.  Who is this writer?

                        Alex Haley

21.        This woman is a poet and teacher.  Her autobiography I know Why the Caged Bird Sings tells of her childhood in the South during the depression.  This writer also wrote and delivered the  inaugural poem at President Clinton’s inauguration in 1992.  She also appears regularly on the children’s television program “Sesame Street”.  Who is this woman?

                        Maya Angelou

The next set of questions are in the field of the Art & Music

22.        African Americans were major innovators of types of music from ragtime, to jazz to the blues.  Name one other type of music that African Americans influenced.

                        soul, swing, rock & roll, Motown, rap, spirituals, hip hop

23.        This man gained fame as a calypso singer with songs he made famous such as “Day-O,” “Brown Skin Girl,” “Jamaica Farewell,” and  “Banana Boat.”  Calypso music originated in the Caribbean Islands and uses the steel drum as a major sound.  This man was the first  to successfully introduce people in the US to the music of other cultures.  Who is this man?

                        Harry Belafonte

24.        Harry Belafonte’s first album “Calypso” in 1955 was the first LP in history to sell a million copies; it started a calypso craze.  Today we buy music on tape or on CD. What is an LP?

                        a record  (Long Playing Record as compared to a Standard Play Record)

25.        James Reese Europe was the first black bandleader who went to WW1 with the Harlem Hellfighters----an all-black unit in the US  military.  What type of music did he help popularize?

                        Jazz

26.        This musician wrote over 1,000 jazz songs, two of his most famous are  “Take the A Train” and “Sophisticated Lady.”  Who is this musician?

                        Duke Ellington

27.        Gregory Hines is a dancer who has spent much of his life preserving a type of dance.  What is this form of dance he is most famous for?

                        tap dance

28.        This woman is know in the music world as the “Queen of Soul.”  Her most well know song is “R-E-S-P-E-C-T,” “Chain of Fools” and “Never loved a man.”  She made her first record in the 1950’s at the age of 12.  Who is this woman?

                        Aretha Franklin

                       

29.        This woman’s unique singing style made her one of the most famous jazz singers of all time.  Her nickname was Lady Day.  Who is this singer?

                        Billie Holiday

30.        This woman became the first black woman to sing a leading role at the Metropolitan Opera in New York.  She sang in countries all over the world, while in her  own country she was denied opportunities to perform because she was black.  A famous historical event was when First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt arranged for her to sing “My Country Tis of Thee” on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial on Easter Morning in  1939.  Who is this singer?

                        Marian Anderson

Round 3        In this round, the questions range in topic from sports to science to politics.  This first set of questions are in the field of sports.

1.         This man became the first African American baseball player to play in the major leagues and for the Brooklyn Dodgers.  He was also the first African American to play in the World Series and to gain admission to the National Baseball Hall of Fame.  Who is this athlete?

                        Jackie Robinson

2.         Books,  such as Only the Ball was White and The Forgotten Players document the years before Jackie Robinson desegregated a baseball team.  Before Jackie Robinson, blacks played on all black teams and in their own leagues. What were these leagues called?

                        Negro Leagues

3.         This man in the early 1900’s was the first African American heavyweight boxing champion. Both Joe Lewis and Muhammad Ali followed in his footsteps.  Who was this first African American boxing champion?

                        Jack Johnson

4.         This man became the first boxer to ever hold the tittle of Heavyweight Boxing Champion of the World three times.  Who is he?

                        Muhammad Ali

5.         Like Malcolm X before him, Muhammad Ali was a follower of the Islamic religion.  Both men changed their names upon joining the Nation of Islam. What was Ali’s former name?

                        Cassius Clay.

6.         Joe Louis won the heavyweight boxing title in 1937.  He defended his title more than 25 times before he retired in 1949.  Whenever he won, Louis told reporters, “It was just another lucky night.”  All over the country African Americans turned their radios on to hear his fights and gave him a nickname.  What was this nickname?

                        The Brown Bomber

7.         During the Civil Rights Movement Olympic sprinters Tommie Smith and John Carlos brought America’s civil rights protests to the 1968 Mexico City Olympics when they lifted their gloved fists as the American Flag was raised in honor Smith’s 1st place finish.  For this action they we expelled from the Olympic Games.  What was this Civil Rights salute called?

                        The Black Power salute

8.         This man played his first game of tennis on segregated “Colored-only” tennis courts but after graduating from UCLA he entered the record books to become the first African American man to win the US Open and to win Wimbledon.  He died in 1993 after contracting AIDS from a blood transfusion.  Who was this athlete?

                        Arthur Ashe

9.         This woman was a chronic truant in high school and wound up in a home run by the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children.  A friend bought her a second-hand tennis racket.  She made history and became the first African American to compete and win at Wimbledon in 1957.  Who was this athlete?

                        Althea Gibson

10.        This baseball player broke Babe Ruth’s record of home runs in 1974.  Now he is on the Board of Directors of Turner Broadcasting, the NAACP and Big Brothers/Big Sisters of America.  Who is he?

                        Hank Aaron

11.        This woman competed in the 1960 Olympic Games in Rome, Italy to win 3 Olympic medals and become the fastest woman runner in the world.  She says that running helped her overcome a limp she had from having polio as a child.  Name this athlete.

                        Wilma Rudolf

12.        This Olympic athlete competed at the 1936 Games in Berlin, Germany to win 3 gold medals and set new world records in the broad jump, 10 meter dash and the 200 meter dash.  Name this athlete.

                        Jesse Owens

13.        With 8 Gold medals at the 1984 Los Angels games, 1988 in Seoul and 1992 Barcelona games to his credit, this man was considered the fastest man in the world  and the greatest track star since Jesse Owens.  Who is he?

                        Carl Lewis

The next series of questions are in the field of Science:

14.        In 1791, the president of the United States assigned Benjamin Banneker  to the team designing the city of Washington, DC.  Name the president who appointed him.

                        George Washington

15.        Banneker is known as the first African American scientist and mathematician.  From astronomical observations and math calculations he worked out one of the early predictions of an eclipse of the sun.  What is an eclipse?

                        the time when the moon covers the view of the sun from earth

16.      Banneker published his calculated rising and setting times of the moon, sun and stars in an almanac in 1791.  The fact book became a best seller.  Give one reason why people would want to know the rising and setting times of the moon and sun. 

                        seamen calculate their positions at sea and also calculate times for low and high                         tides; farmers rely on charts for planting times and weather forecasts; other                              people use them to keep track of special events  

17.        This man was the first person to see the North Pole. This explorer was part of Admiral Robert Peary’s team that explored and mapped the North Pole region.  Peary had sent this man ahead of the team because Peary himself was suffering from frostbite.  Name this explorer.

                        Matthew Alexander Henson

18.        Mae Jemison was the first black female astronaut in space.  Guy Bluford and Ronald McNair were also among the first group of African American astronauts in space.  All three traveled in the space vehicles that can return to earth and be used for more space flights in the future.  What are these space vehicles called?

                        space shuttles

19.        In 1940, Charles Drew was the medical doctor who discovered the method of storing blood that we use today.  If blood is stored whole as it is, it becomes easily contaminated and no longer fresh and useable.  How do we store blood today as of Drew’s discovery?

                        we separate the  blood plasma (cells and platelets) from the blood

20         In 1902, Justina Ford became the 1st black female doctor in the West.  She was famous in Denver, where they called her “Denver’s Baby Doctor”.  She helped deliver more than 7,000 babies during her career.  What is her career (a doctor for babies) called?

                        obstetrician or pediatrician

21.        Warren Washington is a prominent meteorologist.  What is meteorology the study of?

                        the study of weather

22.        Washington developed computer programs that forecast the weather a week into the future.  Prior to his work, meteorologists were only able at best to forecast the weather a day ahead.  Washington has also written extensively on the Greenhouse Effect.  What is another name for the Greenhouse Effect?

                        Global Warming

23.        What is the Greenhouse Effect (global warming)?

                        the earth is becoming like a greenhouse....becoming warmer.  Pollution,                                      deforestation and gasses are causing the heat from sunlight to stay near                                    the earth.

24.        Dr. Roland Scott is called the father of “sickle cell anemia disease research”.   Most of the victims of sickle cell anemia are African Americans.  (Approx. one in 500 African Americans have this disease).  How is this disease spread?

                        a person inherits it from his or her parents

25,        Anemia means the blood is not carrying oxygen normally.  Therefore, the symptoms of sickle cell anemia range from strokes, organ damage to respiratory infections. Also, because the red blood cells are different shaped and inflexible they can plug up the blood vessels and bring on attacks of pain.  Why are these red blood cells called sickle cells?

            because they are sickle (or crescent) shaped

The next set of questions are in the field of Politics & Law

26.        This man came to New York City from Jamaica in 1916 and founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association, the weekly newspaper “Negro World,” and the Black Star steamship line.  He also preached economic and political self-determination and said that Blacks should relocate to Africa because they would never achieve equality in the United States.  Malcolm X’s father was a follower of this man’s Back-to-Africa movement.  Who was this man?

                        Marcus Garvey

27.        Marcus Garvey started an organization called UNIA, which became a counterpart to the NAACP.  What do the initials UNIA stand for?

                        Universal Negro Improvement Association

28.        Many African Americans did move “back to Africa”.  Which country in Africa did they help establish?

                        Liberia

28.        This man was a lawyer for the NAACP and successfully fought to change the laws that segregated schools.  He went on to become the first African American justice of the Supreme Court.  Who was this man?

                        Thurgood Marshall

29.        This woman became the first African American woman elected to the United States Congress in 1968.  Name this woman.

                        Shirley Chisholm

30.        Chisholm was also the first woman and African American to make a serious bid for the presidency of the United States.  Which man became the first African American man to make a serious bid for the  presidency of the United States?

                        Jessie Jackson

Round 4       

This 4th round of questions is an overview of American History from colonial times to the present.

1.         In 1619,   20 Africans arrived as indentured servants to help establish America’s first  non-Native American town in Virginia.  What was the name of this first settlement?

                        Jamestown

2.  Give one example how an indentured servant is different from a slave?

                        servant gains freedom after a few years of free work; a slave never gets                                                 freedom

                       

3.  Crispus Attacks, a former slave, was the first person killed in the street fight in Boston that marked the beginning of the Revolutionary War in 1770.  What was the name of this first battle?

                        Boston Massacre

4.         In 1843, there existed a network of secret houses that helped escaped slaves run North to freedom.  What is the name given to this secret network?

                        Underground Railroad

5.         Many slaves escaped to live in the country north of the United States.  Name this country

                        Canada

6.         Name the woman who organized the Underground Railroad and who people nicknamed Moses.

                        Harriet Tubman

7.         Harriet Tubman was compared to Moses because both helped their people escape from slavery.  Where were Moses’ people enslaved?

                        in Egypt

8.         An American President was also nicknamed Moses for the same reason as Tubman.  Who was this president?

                        Lincoln

9,         In 1847, Frederick Douglass published the first issue of his newspaper.  Its purpose was to convince all Americans that slavery should be abolished.  Name Douglass’ newspaper.

                        The North Star

10.        In 1854, Lincoln University became the first black college.  Where is Lincoln University located?

                        Pennsylvania

           

11.        In 1863, President Lincoln signed a Proclamation that abolished slavery in the Confederate states.  He hoped this proclamation would help end the war sooner.  What is the name of this proclamation?

                        Emancipation Proclamation

12.        After the Civil War,  the “New Orleans Tribune” began publishing as the first African-American daily newspaper in the South.  Since the paper was in New Orleans, it was published in 2 languages, English and what other language?

                        French

13.        In 1865, the US Congress passed the 13th Amendment which abolished what?

                        slavery

14.        In 1866, the law was passed granting citizenship to African Americans.  What is the name of the Act?

                        Civil Rights Act

15.        In 1870, the 15th Amendment to the  US Constitution passed guaranteeing all male citizens the right to vote.  Name one group of citizens that were still not allowed to vote?

                        women

16.        In 1870, Hiram Revels of Mississippi became the first African-American Congressman elected to the senate. What do we call our representatives elected to this office?

                        senators

17.        1872, Charlotte Ray became the first African American female lawyer in the United States.  Who was the first African American judge on the Supreme Court? 

                        Thurgood Marshall

                       

18.        In 1881, Tuskegee University opened.   Who was the University’s first president and founder?

                        Booker T. Washington

19.        An African-American surgeon in 1893 performed the first successful heart operation.  This operation was done without the help of x-rays, blood transfusions or breathing aids.  These medical procedures hadn’t been invented yet.  What was this doctor’s name?

                        Dr. Daniel Hale Williams

20.        In 1896, the Supreme Court upheld the  “separate but equal” law when it ruled that laws that separate people on the basis of race did not violate the US Constitution.  What is the name of the Supreme Court case? 

                        Plessy v. Fuergeson

21.        In 1909, this man helped found the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) on the 100th birthday of Abraham Lincoln.  Who was this man?

                        W.E.B. DuBois

22.        In 1927, these basketball players organized the first all-black basketball team.  What did they call their team?

                        The Harlem Globetrotters

23.        In 1954, the US Supreme Court was unanimous in it’s decision that racial segregation in public schools is unconstitutional.  What is the name of this famous case?

                        Brown vs. Board of Education, Topeka Kansas.

24.        In 1963, more than 1/4 million Americans joined the March on Washington.  Name one of the goals of the march.

                        racial desegregation, equality in houses, wages, jobs

25.        In 1965, the prominent leader of the Black Muslims was assassinated in New York City.  Who was this leader?

                        Malcolm X

26.        In 1967, President Johnson appointed the first African American to the Supreme Court.  Who was this judge?

                        Thurgood Marshall

27.        On April 4, 1968 in Memphis, Tennessee, a prominent leader of the Civil Rights movement was assassinated.  Who was this leader?

                        Martin Luther King, Jr.

28.        In 1983,  Bob Maynard bought this Oakland paper from Gannet Co., Inc. becoming the first African-American owner of a major metropolitan newspaper.  What is the name of this Oakland paper?

                        Oakland Tribune

29.        In 1988, this civil rights leader was the second African American to bid seriously for the presidential nomination. (Shirley Chisholm was the first.) His speech titled “Keep Hope Alive” at the Democratic National Convention inspired people of all races.  Name this man.

                        Jesse Jackson

30.        In 1992, this woman from Chicago became the first black woman United States senator.  What is her name?

                        Carol Moseley-Braun

Round 5

The questions in this round are about slavery & the Civil War

1.         Slavery was not new to the world when Europeans began shipping Africans to America. Slavery had been practiced for thousands of years in many parts of the world.  The Africans,  forced to come to America were traded to the Europeans for items such as rum, cloth and guns.  In the US slavery, became widespread throughout states where workers were needed on the large cotton and tobacco plantations.  Name three states where slavery was widespread.

                        (any three southern states)

2.         Give one reason why slaves were brought from Africa instead of an other country?

                        there was trading triangle between England, Africa and the Americas;                                          Africa was closer than any Asian country; colonists tried to enslave                                                 Native Americans but they knew the land well enough to escape

3.         The trading triangle from Africa to the American colonies was called the Middle Passage of the triangle.  Traders paid for Africans with finished products such as rum, guns and textiles from Europe.  List any one item that was traded from the Americas back to Europe.

                        raw materials like cotton, tobacco,  grain, sugar, indigo, rice

4.         Before the 1700’s most Africans were living in well-planned cities and had sophisticated governments and distinct cultures.  Because of the need for free labor in North and South America, Europeans began to enslave Africans and ship them from their homeland.  From which part of Africa were people captured?       West, East or South Africa?

                        West Africa

5.         Name one of the three African Empires that existed in West Africa before the slave trade?

                        Ghana, Mali or Songhai

6.         These three empires were Islamic.  The most famous city had over 100 Islamic schools. It was said that in this city books were more valued than any other possessions.  This city is sometimes referred to as the oldest University Town in the world. Name this city.

                        Timbuktu

7.         The last and most powerful of the three African Empires was Songhai.  Askia Muhammed was the empire of Songhai’s most famous king.  He successfully united a religion with existing ancient African beliefs.  Name this religion

                        Islam

8.         From the time the slaves were captured in West Africa the slave traders tried to break their spirit to be free.  When they succeeded, the African became an obedient passenger.  But slaves who resisted, did so frequently and fiercely.   On a slave ship what was one way to resist?

                        refuse food & water, throw themselves overboard (commit suicide), revolt                                   and try to take over the ship

9.         Which book and television mini-series tells the true story of the African, Kunte Kinte’s capture in Africa and journey across the Atlantic to be sold into slavery?

                        ROOTS

10.        Alex Haley, author of ROOTS, heard the story of Kunte Kinte from his grandmother.  It  was passed down from generation to generation by his ancestors.  What do we call this kind of history that is (not written but) passed down by word of mouth?

                        oral history

11.        The state of Virginia set up the laws for slaves that other states also adopted.  One of the laws allowed slaves to be sold at any time for any reason. Name one other slave law.

                        slaves were not allowed to learn to read or write, to testify in court, to hit                                                 a white person, to marry, to hold unauthorized religious services or to                                            visit or be visited without permission, etc.                       

12.        In 1793, Eli Whitney’s invention increased the demand for slaves because this machine could pluck the seeds from cotton faster than 50 people working by hand. Farmers needed more slaves to plant and pick the cotton.  What was this invention?

                        cotton gin

13.        Two of the largest slave revolts were led by Nat Turner in Virginia in 1831 and Gabriel Prosser in Richmond, Virginia.  Were these revolts successful  in abolishing slavery?

                        no

14.        This woman ran away from slavery in 1827 and became free. She started her own campaign against slavery throughout the Northern States.  Like Frederick Douglass she spoke about the horrors of slavery and convinced others to join her fight against slavery.  She changed her name to mean traveling truth. Who was this woman?

                        Sojourner Truth

15.        After the Civil War, in 1865 the 13th Amendment to the US Constitution was approved abolishing slavery.  What was the name given to people who fought to abolish slavery?

                        Abolitionists

16.        Abolitionists included many whites and free African Americans including former slaves such as Frederick Douglass.  Name one other former slave abolitionist.

                        Harriet Tubman and Sojourner Truth  (others)

17.        Slavery was one of the major issues in the presidential election of 1860.  The elected president opposed slavery.  Who was he?

                        Abraham Lincoln

18.        After Lincoln’s election, the Southern states feared he would end slavery so South Carolina and 6 other states withdrew from the Union of the United States. What is the term used to describe withdrawing from the Union?

                        seceded/secession

19.        On April 12, 1861, Southern troops attacked a fort in Charleston, South Carolina in 1861 and the Civil War began.  Name this fort.

                        Fort Sumter

20.        Lincoln said that Fort Sumter marked the beginning of the Civil War but it was a novel by Harriet Beech Stowe that really began the battle.  The book convinced many whites that slavery had to be abolished.  Name this novel Lincoln is referring to.

                        Uncle Tom’s Cabin

21.        In July 1862, the North accepted blacks into the army.  Approx. 200,000 blacks saw combat.  Which man convinced Lincoln to accept blacks into the army?

                        Frederick Douglass

22.        The 1991 film GLORY, starring Morgan Freeman, Denzel Washington and Matthew Broderick, tells the true story of the 54th Volunteer Infantry Regiment.  This all-black regiment led by a white colonel earned honors and awards for their fight at Fort Wagner, Charleston, South Carolina.  There is a monument to these soldiers in the state capital of their state.  Which state did the 54th represent?

                        Massachusetts

23.        On Jan 1, 1863, Lincoln issued a Proclamation freeing all slaves in all states.  Two years later, the North won the Civil War and all slaves were Free.  What is the name of this proclamation.

                        The Emancipation Proclamation

24.        This battle became the most famous and bloodiest battle of the Civil War. It also marks the beginning of the defeat for the Southern States.  Name this battle.

                        Gettysburg

25.        The period after the Civil War is called Reconstruction. Former slaves got their first taste of freedom.  For the first time former slaves were allowed to do things they had never done before.  Name one of these things.

                        attend school, vote, hold public office, marry

26.        During Reconstruction three amendments (the 13th, 14th & 15th) to the Constitution were adopted guaranteeing African Americans rights and freedoms.  Name one freedom that was now guaranteed.

                        vote, end to slavery, citizenship

27.        This period of Reconstruction ended in 1876 with the election of President Rutherford B. Hayes.  He did not support Reconstruction and the voting and citizenship rights of blacks was taken away.  As a result thousands of African Americans left the Southern states.  Where did they go?

                        West or North

28.        After Reconstruction the South began to enforce Jim Crow laws. These laws required separate facilities for blacks and whites. Some courtrooms even had separate Bibles for swearing in African American witnesses. Give one example of a public place that was segregated.

                        Restaurants, schools, buses, trains, hotels, churches, water fountains,                                        hotels, telephone booths

29.        Give one other example of a public place that was segregated.

30.        Why were segregation laws called Jim Crow laws?

                        The name comes from a black character in a song written around 1830. 

                        Jim Crow laws were the old segregation laws adopted in the late 1800’s. 

           

Round 6----Championship Round        

For this last round you will need a piece of paper and a pencil or pen.  All participants will answer the same question and will have 15 seconds in which to write your answer on paper.  The questions in this round cover contemporary events and people.

1.  This woman hosts the highest top-rated talk show in television history.  She is also an actress, a production studio owner and a Big Sister volunteer.  Who is she?

                        Oprah Winfrey

2.         This man is an author of several best-selling books, including FATHERHOOD.  His former TV show, which bears his name, portrayed an aspiring African  American family.  He has also made history in the field of philanthropy contributing a record-breaking $20 million to Spelman College.  Who is he?

                        Bill Cosby

3.         This actor graduated from Fordham University, won an Oscar for best supporting actor in 1989 for “Glory.” This actor also played the role of Malcolm X in the film “Malcolm X”.  Who is this actor?

                        Denzel Washington

4.         This actor gained recognition playing the role of Kunte Kinte in the TV movie ROOTS.  He played the role of Geordi LaForge on the TV series “Star Trek:  The Next Generation.”  He also narrates the children’s program READING RAINBOW. Who is he?

                        LeVar Burton

5.         20 million people around the world celebrate this holiday which in Swahili means first fruits and is linked to traditional African harvest festivals.  This holiday is celebrated from December 26 to January 1. What is the name of this holiday?

                        Kwanza

6.         This man is the first African American to reach the highest level in the American military.  He is also credited for bringing about the US/Allied victory in the Persian Gulf War.  Who is this general?

                        General Colin Powell

           

7.         What is the highest rank in the American army?

                        5 Star General

8.         This music group, Sweet Honey in the Rock, sings without musical instruments to accompany their songs. What is this type of music called?

                        A cappella

9.         In 1995, there was a historic march organized in Washington, DC to encourage African American unity and community service. What was this march called?

                        The Million Man March